In
the early days of World War II, real fear existed that the Japanese would bomb
the West Coast. Several war industries were located there, and they needed to
be hidden. Enter Hollywood.
Canvases
were stretched over the rooftops of aircraft factories and painted with streets
and lawns. Movie set designers created fake houses out of canvas and plywood.
Trees were made of wire with glued-on chicken feathers painted in shades of
green and brown. Air ducts were disguised as fire hydrants. Steep, sloped roofs
became hills.
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| During World War II the Army Corps of Engineers needed to hide the Lockheed Burbank Aircraft Plant to protect it from a possible Japanese air attack. |
The
goal was to look like a peaceful suburb from the air. Employees took scheduled
walks in the fake town, hanging out laundry and moving rubber cars.
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| Employees stroll through a fake neighborhood. |
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Long
runways beside the aircraft plants would seem to be a giveaway, but when a
visiting general was flown over a disguised factory, he couldn’t find it.
Japanese aircrews surely wouldn’t.
Dummy
runways were created by burning grass to look like tarmac. Far from the real
planes and hangars covered to look like farmland, dummy aircraft of wood and
metal dotted the bogus fields.
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| Underneath the camouflage, business as usual. |
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Thirty-four
airfields and factories were hidden. Enemy submarines would have been a
likelier threat than airplanes. Ships were sunk within sight of West Coast
ports. A Japanese submarine shelled an oil field near Santa Barbara in February
of 1942, doing little damage.
In
June of 1942, the US Navy sank four enemy aircraft carriers in the Battle of
Midway. The chance of Japan bombing the West Coast greatly diminished. The
Hollywood-designed sets never had a chance to prove their worth.
The
factories remained under cover for the rest of the war.
Wouldn’t
you have loved to explore the make-believe neighborhoods?
